clouds_base
A clouds_base material is used to create realistic volumetric clouds. It is applied to CloudLayer object.
Prior Knowledge
This article assumes you have prior knowledge of the following topics. Please read them before proceeding:
Common#
| Layer Type | Type of the cloud layer:
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| Layer Size | Size of the cloud layer alonx X and Y axes, in units. Notice Available only when the Layer Type parameter is set to Defined |
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| Layer Height | Determines the height of the cloud layer, in units.
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| Clouds Shape Type | Defines how the shape of the clouds is determined:
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Notice The following four options are available when the Clouds Shape Type is set to Coverage Texture. | |||||||
| Clouds Coverage |
An RGB8 texture with the following channels:
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| Clouds Region Mask | A separate single-channel texture to be used to define areas for the layer where the clouds are to be rendered and where they shouldn't (for regional weather). This texture is stretched to fit the region without any tiling. Notice This parameter is available when the Clouds Layer Type is set to Defined |
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| Use Coverage Alpha | Use the Alpha-channel of the coverage texture as a mask for rendering coverage of the cloud layer. You can use this mask to define areas for the layer where the clouds are to be rendered and where they shouldn't. It serves to reduce tiling of the clouds coverage. You can also use it to make the borders of the layer smoother (for regional weather) or to reduce tiling for infinite cloud layers. Notice
This option enables the Alpha Size parameter in the Geometry group |
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| Fix Coverage Tiling | Determines if reduction of tiling for the clouds coverage texture is enabled. Such tiling becomes noticeable in large-scale worlds when observing clouds at significant distances. It is recommended to enable this state only when the unwanted effect appears. Please use it wisely, as additional texture fetching affects performance. By default the state is disabled.
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Notice The following two options are available when the Clouds Shape Type is set to 3D Texture. | |||||||
| Clouds 3D Texture | 3D texture defining a custom shape of clouds for the layer. Notice An additional single-channel map is to be used for shadows (see the Clouds Shadow Texture below). |
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| Clouds Shadow Texture | A separate single-channel texture to be used to define a custom shape for the shadows from the cloud layer defined by a custom 3D texture. In case of using the coverage texture shadows are defined by its Red-channel. A 3D texture does not contain such information and thus requires an additional map for shadows. | ||||||
| FieldWeather Mask | Bitmask that determines interaction with FieldWeather objects. | ||||||
Geometry#
| Coverage Size | Determines the size of the coverage texture.
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| Alpha Size | Controls tiling of the map stored in the alpha-channel of the Coverage texture. | ||||
| Coverage Contrast Type | Determines the way the Coverage Contrast parameter is controlled:
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| Coverage Contrast | This parameter determines the contrast of the coverage texture and can be used for fine tuning. It also makes it possible to gradually increase cloudiness without changing the coverage texture when simulating weather. The lower the value the more cloudy the sky looks.
Notice
For this parameter to work properly, the coverage texture must not contain absolutely black pixels.
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| Coverage Height Remap | Remaps height values stored in the Blue-channel of the coverage texture (spreads them up vertically along layer height). This parameter can be used to tune the heightmap of the cloud layer without editing the coverage texture in a third-party software. | ||||
Notice The following three options are available when the Clouds Shape Type is set to 3D Texture. | |||||
| 3D Texture Threshold Type | Determines the way the 3D Texture Threshold parameter is controlled:
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| 3D Texture Threshold | Threshold to be used for the values stored in the 3D texture. | ||||
| 3D Texture Threshold Extent | Threshold extent coefficient to be used for the values stored in the 3D texture. | ||||
| Bottom Fade | Determines the form of clouds bottom. Lower values make the bottom more flat.
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| Clouds Density Type | Determines the way the Clouds Density parameter is controlled:
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| Clouds Density | Controls density of the clouds which determines visual appearance. This parameter can be used to simulate cirrus clouds. The default value is 1.
Notice
This parameter should only be used when the desired visual appearance cannot be achieved using other parameters. The higher is the cloud density, the higher is the performance. Lower density values can significally reduce performance.
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| Storm Cloud Factor | Intensity of storm clouds coverage that is stored in the Green channel of the Clouds coverage texture.
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Noise#
Notice
This group is available only when the Clouds Shape Type is set to Coverage Texture.
| Noise Size | Determines noise graininess. The default value is 0.45. Notice
Higher values reduce performance and may bring up the tiling issue. Recommended range of values is from 0.3 to 1
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| Noise Threshold Type | Determines the way the Noise Threshold parameter is controlled:
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| Noise Threshold | Determines the density threshold of cloud formation. The higher the value the rougher the clouds are. Notice
This parameter should be used only for fine tuning. Significant changes made to this parameter may result in mismatch of cloud shapes and their shadows.
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| Noise Threshold Extent | This parameter works together with Noise Threshold parameter and adjusts appearance of clouds making it possible to make clouds softer or rougher for a selected noise threshold. Notice
This parameter should be used only for fine tuning. Significant changes made to this parameter may result in mismatch of cloud shapes and their shadows.
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| Noise Mip Offset | Controls mip levels of the base noise texture in order to reduce blurring at large distances. The recommended range of values is from 0 to 3. Higher values reduce performance. | ||||
| Noise Falloff | The shape of the clouds is defined by a 4-channel 3D noise texture (4 noise gradients are combined). This parameter enables you to control each noise gradient along the height of the layer via a separate curve. It can be used, for example, for fine-tuning of large clouds. | ||||
| Fix Noise Tiling | Enable reduction of tiling caused by the 3D noise, noticeable in large-scale worlds when the clouds are dense. It is recommended to enable this state only when the unwanted effect appears. Please use it wisely, as additional texture fetching affects performance. By default the state is disabled. |
Extra Noise#
Use extra noise for cloud formation. This noise controls cutting out fragments of clouds in less dense areas to add more cloud shape variations. You can use this extra noise when the base form and details are insufficient and you need more variations (e.g. for a cloud layer defined by a 3D texture).
| Extra Noise Intensity | Intensity of the extra noise used for cloud formation (it controls cutting out fragments of clouds in less dense areas to add more cloud shape variations): higher values result in less dense clouds (more cloud volume is cut out). | ||||
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| Extra Noise Size | Determines noise graininess. The default value is 0.45. Notice
Higher values reduce performance and may bring up the tiling issue. Recommended range of values is from 0.3 to 1
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| Extra Noise Threshold Type | Determines the way the Extra Noise Threshold parameter is controlled:
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| Extra Noise Threshold | Determines the density threshold of cloud formation. The higher the value the rougher the clouds are. Notice
This parameter should be used only for fine tuning. Significant changes made to this parameter may result in mismatch of cloud shapes and their shadows.
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| Extra Noise Threshold Extent | This parameter works together with Noise Threshold parameter and adjusts appearance of clouds making it possible to make clouds softer or rougher for a selected noise threshold. Notice
This parameter should be used only for fine tuning. Significant changes made to this parameter may result in mismatch of cloud shapes and their shadows.
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| Extra Noise Mip Offset | Controls mip levels of the extra noise texture in order to reduce blurring at large distances. The recommended range of values is from 0 to 3. Higher values reduce performance. | ||||
| Extra Noise Falloff | The shape of the clouds is defined by a 4-channel 3D noise texture (4 noise gradients are combined). This parameter enables you to control each noise gradient along the height of the layer via a separate curve. It can be used, for example, for fine-tuning of large clouds. |
Detail#
| Detail Intensity Type | Determines the way the Detail Intensity parameter is controlled:
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| Detail Intensity | Adjusts detail cutout intensity. Details are cut mostly from the bottom of the clouds. Notice
Thunderclouds are dense and do not have detail cutout. Therefore, they have detail intensity value equal to 0.
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| Detail Noise Size | Determines the size of details cutout from the clouds. This parameter is analogous to the Noise size parameter. The lower is the value the larger pieces are cutout.
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| Detail Distortion Intensity | Determines the intensity of clouds detail distortion. This parameter is used to control detail turbulence. The higher is the value the stronger is the detail turbulence effect.
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| Detail Distortion Size | Determines the scale of clouds detail distortion according to the corresponding texture. This parameter is used to control detail turbulence. The higher is the value the stronger is the detail turbulence effect.
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| Detail Wispy Billowy Gradient | Controls the inversion of detail noise. With the default value of 0, the clouds form is as in the detail texture, increasing the value gradually inverts the values from wispy to billowy and from billowy to wispy.
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Distortion#
| Distortion Intensity | Intensity of distortion of the clouds shape based on the curl noise. |
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| Distortion Size | Scaling factor for distortion of the clouds shape based on the curl noise. |
| Wind Skew Intensity | Defines intensity of cloud shape distortion in the direction of the wind (by default higher portions of clouds are affected more than the lower ones). |
| Wind Skew Height Gradient | Defines which portion of the cloud layer height is affected by the wind skew distortion (Wind Skew Intensity parameter above). The value sets the height level starting from which the cloud shape shall be affected by the skew distortion (e.g. 0.5 - means the middle of the layer). |
Shading#
| Sun Intensity | Determines intensity of the sun light affecting the clouds (from above). The higher is the value, the more sun lighting affects clouds. This parameter makes it possible to adjust the appearance of clouds by means of correction of sunlight intensity. Notice
Areas lighted by the sun do not have environment lighting.
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| Sun Attenuation | Controls the amount of sun light passing through clouds without changing their density. The higher the value the less light passes through clouds.
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| Sun Saturation | Determines the saturation of the sun light affecting the clouds.
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| Ambient Intensity Top | Determines intensity of ambient lighting of clouds (lighting from above). Analogous to the previous parameter. The higher is the value, the more ambient lighting affects clouds. | ||||
| Ambient Intensity Bottom | Determines intensity of ambient lighting of clouds (lighting from below). The higher is the value, the more ambient lighting affects clouds.
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| Ambient Saturation | Controls ambient lighting color saturation.
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| Multiscattering Intensity | Controls the approximation of light scattering in clouds. A view-dependent effect is created to control shadows on clouds: when clouds are looked on against the sun, shadows are more intensive compared to the side view.
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| Attenuation Coefficient | Controls the rate of opacity growth (alpha channel) with the distance inside the cloud, imitating cloud volume and fixing a break at a certain height appearing in the process of rendering curved cloud layers when viewed from inside the layer.
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| Inscatter Intensity | Controls the in-scattering effect, which affects the possibility of darkening the edges of clouds.
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| Inscatter Density Threshold | Determines the density threshold value; if this value is exceeded, the darkening is not applied. | ||||
| Inscatter Energy Compensation | Compensates for the overall brightness loss from the in-scattering effect. | ||||
| Haze Gradient | Controls the degree of gradual fading of the clouds to the haze depending on the haze parameters.
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Shadows#
Wind#
| Wind speed (X axis) | Wind speed along X axis (shifts the coverage texture). | ||||
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| Wind speed (Y axis) | Wind speed along Y axis (shifts the coverage texture).
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| Wind speed (Z axis) | Wind speed along Z axis (shifts noise).
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| Wind Deformation | Control dynamics of moving clouds, i.e. how much clouds change their form as they move. |
Textures#
Material Editor, Textures tab.
Last update:
09.04.2021
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